DATABASE MANAGEMENT

  A database is a systematic assemblage of data, usually stored and approached electronically from computer. In case of complicated databases, the design and modelling are developed by formal techniques. Database management system (DBMS) is software which communicates with its end users, database and application to record and study the data. The software also skirts around the major facilities provided to the database administrator. More often than not “database” is used to roughly mention any application or action associated with DBMS. The total database associated with DBMS is collectively referred as “database system”.



              System experts may categorize database-management systems according to the models that they support. During the early stages of 80’s, the most dominant was the Relational database management system. SQL emerged to be the majorly used database since the relational database includes model data such as rows and columns.

Functional groups:

              Currently existing DBMS supplies several functions that allow the management and its data to be grouped into four major functional groups:

·       Data definition – This function is assigned to create, modify and to delete definitions that actually define the establishment of the data.

·       Update – This feature can insert, change and delete the actual data available.

·       Retrieval – Provides information to the system for direct usage or provides unprocessed data for other applications. This retrieved data are further made available in the same format like it was stored before. It is also used to alter or join data from the database.

·       Administration – Enforcement and overseeing users, implementing data security, supervising performances, managing data integrity and recovering data are done using this feature.

Database management system accounts a considerable market to its name, system and storage vendors more often than not implement DBMS for their self-development plans.

Evolution of database:

              Over the past few decades, the growth of computer and service given by the technology has attained a humongous rise in their development. DBMS has also overseen some development overtime. They are as listed below:

·       1960s – Navigational DBMS

·       Early 1970s – Relational DBMS

·       Late 1970s – SQL DBMS

·       1980s – Desktop computing

·       1990s – Object oriented programming

·       2000s – NewSQL and NoSQL

 

Database Languages:

              Database languages are unique language that allows multiple tasks to happen at the same time. They are classifies as sublanguages:

1.      Data control language (DCL) – DCL has the main access to all data available.

2.      Data definition language (DDL) – This feature explains types of data such as create, alter and define the relationships between them.

3.      Data manipulation language (DML) – This feature takes over the editing part such as insert, update and removal of data.

4.      Data query language (DQL) – This feature enables the users to search and compute derived data.

 

Security:

              Database security takes care of numerous characteristics of protecting its content, users and owner. This covers the mishandling of intended and unintended authorization and protects the information against all possible fraudulence.



              The accessibility of the database takes care of the control over the accessible information from the database. These controls are determined by a special set of authorized dictation, provided the owner or the individual in charge of the security. Data security usually deals in protecting data from physical corruption or removal of crucial information.

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